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Xi'an

For the Empress Dowager who ruled from 1861 to 1881, see Empress Dowager Ci'an.
"Xian" redirects here. For immortal beings in Chinese mythology, see Xian (Taoism). For other uses, see Xian (disambiguation).

Xi'an
西安市
Sian, Hsi-an
Subprovincial and prefecture-level city
Nandajie
Map
Location of Xi'an City jurisdiction in Shaanxi
Location of Xi'an City jurisdiction in Shaanxi
Xi'an is located in China
Xi'an
Xi'an
Location in China
Coordinates (Shaanxi provincial government): 34°15′40″N 108°56′32″E / 34.26111°N 108.94222°E / 34.26111; 108.94222
CountryChina
ProvinceShaanxi
Municipal seatWeiyang District
Government
 • TypeSubprovincial city
 • BodyXi'an Municipal People's Congress
 • CCP SecretaryWang Hao
 • Congress ChairmanHu Runze
 • MayorLi Mingyuan
 • CPPCC ChairmanYue Huafeng
Area
 • Subprovincial and prefecture-level city10,762 km2 (4,155 sq mi)
 • Urban
5,808.6 km2 (2,242.7 sq mi)
 • Metro
4,903.9 km2 (1,893.4 sq mi)
Elevation
405 m (1,329 ft)
Population
 (2020 census)[1]
 • Subprovincial and prefecture-level city12,952,907
 • Density1,200/km2 (3,100/sq mi)
 • Urban
11,904,805
 • Urban density2,000/km2 (5,300/sq mi)
 • Metro
12,283,922
 • Metro density2,500/km2 (6,500/sq mi)
GDP[2]
 • Subprovincial and prefecture-level cityCN¥ 1.201 trillion
US$ 154.2 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 98,205
US$ 15,108
Time zoneUTC+8 (CST)
Postal code
710000–710090
Area code29
ISO 3166 codeCN-SN-01
License plate prefixes陕A,陕U
City FlowerPomegranate flower
City TreePagoda tree
WebsiteXA.gov.cn
Xī'ān
"Xi'an" in Chinese characters
Chinese name
Chinese西安
PostalSianfu
Literal meaning"Western Peace"
Cháng'ān
Simplified Chinese长安
Traditional Chinese長安
Literal meaning"Perpetual Peace"
Xi'an dialect (Zhongyuan Mandarin) name
Xi'an dialect (Zhongyuan Mandarin)西安: [ɕi²¹.ŋã²¹]
長安: [ʈ͡ʂʰaŋ²⁴.ŋã²¹]

Xi'an[a] is the capital of Shaanxi Province. A sub-provincial city on the Guanzhong Plain,[7] the city is the third most populous city in Western China, after Chongqing and Chengdu, as well as the most populous city in Northwest China.[8] Its total population was 12,952,907 as of the 2020 census. The total urban population was 9.28 million.[9]

Known as Chang'an (Chʻang-an) in much of its history, Xi'an is one of the Chinese Four Great Ancient Capitals, having held the position under several of the most important dynasties in Chinese history,[10] including Western Zhou, Western Han, Sui, Northern Zhou and Tang.[10] Xi'an is now the second most popular tourist destination in China.[11] The city is the starting point of the Silk Road and home to the Terracotta Army of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, both of which are listed as UNESCO World Heritage sites.[12]

Since the 1980s, as part of the economic growth of inland China especially for the central and northwest regions, Xi'an has matured into a cultural, industrial, political and educational, and R&D hub. Xi'an currently holds subprovincial status, administering 11 districts and 2 counties.[13] In 2020, Xi'an was ranked as a Beta- (global second tier) city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network,[14] and, according to the country's own ranking, ranked 17th.[15] Xi'an is also one of the world's top 100 financial centers, according to the Global Financial Centres Index.[16] Xi'an is ranked in the top 20 cities in the world by scientific research output as tracked by the Nature Index,[17] and home to multiple prestigious educational institutions in Northwest China, such as Xi'an Jiaotong University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xidian University and Northwest University.[18][19]

  1. ^ "China: Shaanxi (Prefectures, Cities, Districts and Counties) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map". Archived from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2022.
  2. ^ The GDP figures are from the statistical bulletin on 2022 national economic and social development published by the statistical agencies of relevant cities, see"2022年GDP100强城市榜：江苏13市均超4000亿，10强有变化". yicai.com.
  3. ^ "Xi'an". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  4. ^ "Xi'an". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Archived from the original on April 14, 2019. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  5. ^ "Xian" Archived April 14, 2019, at the Wayback Machine (US) and "Xian". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020.
  6. ^ "Xi'an". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Retrieved April 14, 2019.
  7. ^ "Illuminating China's Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions". PRC Central Government Official Website. Archived from the original on December 24, 2014. Retrieved May 17, 2014.
  8. ^ 最新中国城市人口数量排名（根据2010年第六次人口普查）. www.elivecity.cn. 2012. Archived from the original on March 3, 2015. Retrieved May 27, 2014.
  9. ^ 国家统计局. "经济社会发展统计图表：第七次全国人口普查超大、特大城市人口基本情况". 求是. Archived from the original on September 17, 2021. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  10. ^ a b "Xi'an". Encarta. 1993–2008. September 3, 2008. Archived from the original on February 28, 2008. Retrieved February 6, 2016.
  11. ^ Xi'an Municipal People's Government (October 15, 2020). "Xi'an Makes a Top Tourist Attraction in National Day Golden Week". Archived from the original on May 3, 2022. Retrieved May 3, 2022.
  12. ^ Cite error: The named reference br was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  13. ^ 中央机构编制委员会印发《关于副省级市若干问题的意见》的通知. 中编发[1995]5号. 豆丁网. Archived from the original on May 29, 2014. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
  14. ^ "GaWC - The World According to GaWC 2020". www.lboro.ac.uk. Archived from the original on August 24, 2020. Retrieved June 25, 2021.
  15. ^ 上海证券报 (May 21, 2021). "中国百强城市榜单发布，你的城市上榜了吗？". finance.sina.com.cn. Archived from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved June 25, 2021.
  16. ^ "The Global Financial Centres Index 28" (PDF). Long Finance. September 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. Retrieved September 26, 2020.
  17. ^ "Leading 200 science cities | Nature Index 2023 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index". www.nature.com. Retrieved November 22, 2023.
  18. ^ "US News Best Global Universities Rankings in Xi'an". U.S. News & World Report. October 26, 2021. Archived from the original on October 30, 2021. Retrieved October 26, 2021.
  19. ^ "Nature Index 2018 Science Cities | Nature Index Supplements | Nature Index". www.natureindex.com. Archived from the original on November 5, 2021. Retrieved October 15, 2020.


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